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Author Topic: TinMan's "Over Faraday HV HHO production"  (Read 39819 times)

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Hi Brad.

Yes indeed, the Torricellian vacuum. It equates to, negatively the atmospheric pressure.

Would it matter? ..... Open question to the Science boffins.

I'm pretty sure Mike mentioned a partial vacuum improves efficiency with some cells.

Cheers Graham.

Well,the vacuum would level off to atmospheric pressure once the water level in the displacement tube equaled that of the water level in the reservoir.

Second thing to remember,is that the cell would be under a slight vacuum ,when hooked to the engine.


Brad


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Perhaps another method?

How much water is consumed to make a Litre of gas? You could measure the supply container?

I'm sure we'll work something out together.

Cheers Graham.


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Brad, I thought this was interesting...a quote from Smokey Dawson:


"Please note that there is an extension to a spark gap in a plasma gap and this is called by Chernetsky and Frolov as a 'Self Generating Discharge' and which I also term as 'Impulse Discharge' as I also unwittingly stumbled across the same phenomena.
The key here is to have the capacitor across the secondary winding and with using a Bridge Rectifier for DC into oil filled capacitors, you will see a 1/3 drop in consumed power from the supply but the caps continue to charge.
This is a Don Smith variant and eliminates the maintenance problem with the gap as no spark is seen.
I use Carbon electrodes (from 'D' Cell alkaline batteries) and the capacitor across the secondary is a string of 10 x 100pF high voltage ceramics which gives about 20pF total.
Have just received new ultrafast diodes for this circuit in 2CL2FM 20kv 100nS 100mA and will be experimenting when time permits.
Currently using HVM12 microwave diodes and not at all fast enough for this organisation.
The driver for this is Bruce's Ion Pulser from Bob Ianinni through a Flyback and this works well as you have variable control over the frequency range to suit your specific requirements.

My criteria for an 'Energy Synthesis' device eliminated a spark at the gap and this is how it was achieved as the goal was to reduce maintenance as much as possible.
This is no different to what Tesla was attempting with his magnets across the gap but he was attempting to eliminate the spark as soon as possible and the plasma event is a step forward on this particular device"

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Brad, I thought this was interesting...a quote from Smokey Dawson:


"Please note that there is an extension to a spark gap in a plasma gap and this is called by Chernetsky and Frolov as a 'Self Generating Discharge' and which I also term as 'Impulse Discharge' as I also unwittingly stumbled across the same phenomena.
The key here is to have the capacitor across the secondary winding and with using a Bridge Rectifier for DC into oil filled capacitors, you will see a 1/3 drop in consumed power from the supply but the caps continue to charge.
This is a Don Smith variant and eliminates the maintenance problem with the gap as no spark is seen.
I use Carbon electrodes (from 'D' Cell alkaline batteries) and the capacitor across the secondary is a string of 10 x 100pF high voltage ceramics which gives about 20pF total.
Have just received new ultrafast diodes for this circuit in 2CL2FM 20kv 100nS 100mA and will be experimenting when time permits.
Currently using HVM12 microwave diodes and not at all fast enough for this organisation.
The driver for this is Bruce's Ion Pulser from Bob Ianinni through a Flyback and this works well as you have variable control over the frequency range to suit your specific requirements.

My criteria for an 'Energy Synthesis' device eliminated a spark at the gap and this is how it was achieved as the goal was to reduce maintenance as much as possible.
This is no different to what Tesla was attempting with his magnets across the gap but he was attempting to eliminate the spark as soon as possible and the plasma event is a step forward on this particular device"

Ron.

Good day All

I believe this is the device  about which Ronee speaks:

take care, peace
lost_bro

EDIT:  there exist a dissimilarity in as much as the posted diagram only has ONE capacitor and half-wave rectification not full-wave.

And.... in relation to Brad's concept, the load in the shown diagram is on the Secondary side not on the Primary as Brad's.

Would like to see the diagram for your qoute Ronee if you can dig one up.  ;)


 
« Last Edit: 2016-12-01, 17:41:31 by lost_bro »
   

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Perhaps another method?

hhop gen 1 was powered by a variety of DC sources and used standard Faraday electrolysis with added electrolytes to increase the gas production rate. The gas collected at the top of the chamber and displaced the water below it (more dense). This was because there is an increase of pressure in that bit of space and it wants to equalise with the atmospheric pressure acting on the vertical outlet tube, plus the weight of the column of water.

When the liquid began to flow along the pressure gradient bubbles of hho that would otherwise rise vertically, would be entrained in the flow. They would be different volumes (sizes) and would continue to rise until they reached the boundary layer (being bubbles of lower density space).

Reasonably frequently a bubble would pop causing a relative vacuum at negative pressure, creating a pressure gradient and the water would fill the vacuum, at a very fast rate (looks instantaneous), and create a shockwave ripple. Sometimes if another bubble was close enough it would trigger a recombination and another bubble would go off. This is a significant rate of recombination in a quite slow flow..

However, those that have seen the snapvalve video (now deleted) know that you can build pressure steadily with a relatively low DC input energy over a long period of time. The gas ejected from the snapvalve at triggering pressure certainly did not combust (no flame) but it may have recombined into water vapour moving at high velocity with a large acceleration vector.

The hhop gen 2 had a bypass tube fitted that delivered the gas directly to the displacement chamber. It pumped at a rate that was relative to the DC energy input and seeks to equalise with atmospheric pressure. Pumping like this with the outlet tube level with the top of the displacement chamber will give you a measurement. You could do this with yours and measure the liquid pumped over a specific time at a known DC input.


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Just to advance maybe somewhere, if you can make your whole stack to be influenced by a variable physical vibration while checking your production with and without, it may be a good avenue. Could say more but that sums it up for now.

wattsup


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@TinMan

Just to advance maybe somewhere, if you can make your whole stack to be influenced by a variable physical vibration while checking your production with and without, it may be a good avenue. Could say more but that sums it up for now.

wattsup

Ah-there you are.

Funny you should mention vibrating the cell,as i did that last nigh on a small 2 plate cell.

My Samsung S7 has a good magnifier as one of it's  features,and allows for a really close look at the cell-not quite as good as your microscope,but not bad at all.
It would seem that about 1/2 of the cell plate area becomes covered in bubbles. Using a small CD motor,with an offsetc
 weight on the shaft, and placed on just the lid of  the wet cell,i could get most of the bubbles off the plates.
This resulted in a higher continuous current draw-as it would,and also a larger gas production-as it would.

The thing i noticed most was-only the large bubbles would stick to the plates,and the small bubbles would rise to the surface-on both the anode and cathode.

Now,are you able to break out the microscope again,and see if you can get a good shot of the bubbles of gas reforming back to water. I do remember seeing in your other videos,some of the bubbles just disappearing.
A high res video would be good,as then we could slow the playback down,and have a guess at the reformation rate.


Brad


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Ah-there you are.

Funny you should mention vibrating the cell,as i did that last nigh on a small 2 plate cell.

My Samsung S7 has a good magnifier as one of it's  features,and allows for a really close look at the cell-not quite as good as your microscope,but not bad at all.
It would seem that about 1/2 of the cell plate area becomes covered in bubbles. Using a small CD motor,with an offsetc
 weight on the shaft, and placed on just the lid of  the wet cell,i could get most of the bubbles off the plates.
This resulted in a higher continuous current draw-as it would,and also a larger gas production-as it would.

The thing i noticed most was-only the large bubbles would stick to the plates,and the small bubbles would rise to the surface-on both the anode and cathode.

Now,are you able to break out the microscope again,and see if you can get a good shot of the bubbles of gas reforming back to water. I do remember seeing in your other videos,some of the bubbles just disappearing.
A high res video would be good,as then we could slow the playback down,and have a guess at the reformation rate.


Brad

It is more likely that you are seeing steam/watervapor bubbles condensing back to liquid water. Steam/vapor can be produced in an electrolysis cell due to very local heating without causing the bulk water temperature to rise significantly, and many a researcher has been fooled by "wet" gas emission from their cells. The volume of steam at STP is 1600 times the volume of the water that boiled to create it, iirc.

I'll leave it to the chemists amongst us to calculate the energy released by "reforming" o2 and h2 back to water (burning, essentially) as compared to the energy released by steam condensing back to water.
   

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It is more likely that you are seeing steam/watervapor bubbles condensing back to liquid water. Steam/vapor can be produced in an electrolysis cell due to very local heating without causing the bulk water temperature to rise significantly, and many a researcher has been fooled by "wet" gas emission from their cells. The volume of steam at STP is 1600 times the volume of the water that boiled to create it, iirc.

I'll leave it to the chemists amongst us to calculate the energy released by "reforming" o2 and h2 back to water (burning, essentially) as compared to the energy released by steam condensing back to water.

Watch this video(in full screen) wattsup made,using his microscope. There simply was not enough energy to create steam,as he was only using his SG to drive the cell. Here you can clearly see the hydrogen bubbles migrating to the anode,and then just vanish.
Odd how all the bubbles seem to be donuts  ???

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bbpLVSwIkeE

Mike also posted a paper a couple of posts back,that talk about the reformation of gas back to water within an electrolysis cell.


Brad


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It is more likely that you are seeing steam/watervapor bubbles condensing back to liquid water. Steam/vapor can be produced in an electrolysis cell due to very local heating without causing the bulk water temperature to rise significantly, and many a researcher has been fooled by "wet" gas emission from their cells. The volume of steam at STP is 1600 times the volume of the water that boiled to create it, iirc.

I'll leave it to the chemists amongst us to calculate the energy released by "reforming" o2 and h2 back to water (burning, essentially) as compared to the energy released by steam condensing back to water.

I don't think you need to buy the paper, enough is covered in the first page.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022072896049728

The energy given up by the recombination H & O,  is given up as heat. There is a lot of energy created by creating the H2O molecule, Re: your fuel cell.

Of all the work I have done on water splitting over many many years, the main part of the heat comes from this recombination energy. The eureka moment came when this was understood, and that you have to block this return reaction so as to leave a usable fuel, a hydrogen fuel, either H is reacted with a another atom robing the oxygen of reacting, or the O is reacted with another atom to leave the H behind on it's own.

Without doing this you are flogging a dead horse, as I found a long time ago, you will never go over Faraday, so think which is needed, the H or the O, the H of course so do something with the O, and if in doing so you can create energy as well!!!! you become way over Faraday and have a clean hydrogen.

Your clean hydrogen is then reacted with CO2 (so exothermic that you can generate excess power from the 300c+ heat, to feed back to the electrolysis cell), product is CH4+H2O with no storage or transport problems, what more can humanity want.

I have already shown how it is done, now it needs to be made commercial, the trick is in the electrolysis giving cheap hydrogen, not HHO. The Oxygen is the control in same cell electrolysis.

Regards

Mike 8)

PS. the oxygen not only oxidises the hydrogen, it also forms O3 which then after a few minutes returns to O2


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Hello All.

Ok..... might be a daft question, but here goes.

A standard 12 V automotive battery is a dry cell design. What's the reason why we can't use it as an electrolysis cell?

Answers on the back of a postcard please......  :)

Cheers Graham.


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Hi Mike.

So..... the Sabatier reactor...... converts Hydrogen and Carbondioxide into Methane CH 4.

This is a universal fuel, easy to handle and store, will fuel an IC engine.

Enough said, perhaps another thread.

Cheers Graham.


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Hello All.

Ok..... might be a daft question, but here goes.

A standard 12 V automotive battery is a dry cell design. What's the reason why we can't use it as an electrolysis cell?

Answers on the back of a postcard please......  :)

Cheers Graham.

First up-the standard 12 volt automotive battery is a wet cell design-not a dry cell.
The automotive battery is a flooded cell battery,where all of the plate surfaces are covered in an electrolyte-even though each of the 6 cells in the battery are liquid isolated from each other. So you basically have 6 of 2 plate wet cells in series.

Second-the automotive battery is designed to store the energy given within the cell material,and not dissipate the energy into the production of HHO gas-although some hydrogen gas is given off during charging.


Brad


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Thanks Brad.

You will have to elaborate on this wet/dry cell description. I assumed that a dry cell was self contained whereas a wet cells plates were suspended in the electrolyte?

Is each second plate connected in parallel to the supply? Like an old fashioned variable capacitor?

Cheers Graham.


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I don't think you need to buy the paper, enough is covered in the first page.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022072896049728

The energy given up by the recombination H & O,  is given up as heat. There is a lot of energy created by creating the H2O molecule, Re: your fuel cell.

Of all the work I have done on water splitting over many many years, the main part of the heat comes from this recombination energy. The eureka moment came when this was understood, and that you have to block this return reaction so as to leave a usable fuel, a hydrogen fuel, either H is reacted with a another atom robing the oxygen of reacting, or the O is reacted with another atom to leave the H behind on it's own.

Without doing this you are flogging a dead horse, as I found a long time ago, you will never go over Faraday, so think which is needed, the H or the O, the H of course so do something with the O, and if in doing so you can create energy as well!!!! you become way over Faraday and have a clean hydrogen.

Your clean hydrogen is then reacted with CO2 (so exothermic that you can generate excess power from the 300c+ heat, to feed back to the electrolysis cell), product is CH4+H2O with no storage or transport problems, what more can humanity want.

I have already shown how it is done, now it needs to be made commercial, the trick is in the electrolysis giving cheap hydrogen, not HHO. The Oxygen is the control in same cell electrolysis.

Regards

Mike 8)

PS. the oxygen not only oxidises the hydrogen, it also forms O3 which then after a few minutes returns to O2

OK,now we are getting some where.

So,we agree that the heat produced during the electrolysis process in the HHO cell,is a combination of both ohmic heat,and also the recombination of H and O back to water.

Now Mike,i want you to think about this.
Lets say we are sending a half wave rectified DC current through the cell. This would show as a DC current that has an AC wave form across the top of it.
Near the peak of this wave form,we send a high voltage pulse through the cell. This pulse shows as a rapid rise,and then a rapid fall that leads to a reverse voltage across the cell,for a very brief time period through the wave form.
What do you suppose would then happen to this recombination of the H and O gas back to water?.

So to run through the term of events during one wave cycle on our DC current.
The wave starts to rise(a rise in voltage across the cell,and a rise in current through the cell)
As the wave is rising,we get the hydrogen gas migrating toward the anode,and recombining with the oxygen. Granted that this amount of gas that recombines is not all that is produced by the cell,but rather an undetermined amount-but it dose happen.
When this wave nears it's peak amplitude,a very sharp and high potential is sent across the cell. This sharp pulse reaches a peak far greater than the maximum amplitude of the DC voltage and current produced by the peak of the wave form. This high potential across the cell reverses once it reaches it's peak amplitude,and drops to a negative value for a very brief period of time through our DC wave form.
So now we have a situation where for a very brief period of time, the voltage across the cell is reversed,and this high potential reversal is at the point where the hydrogen is trying to migrate to the anode,to recombine with the oxygen--which at the same time,the oxygen is trying to migrate to the cathode.

What do you suppose might happen in that circumstance?.

The other thing that must be taken into account here is-Faradays limit must include this migration and recombination of H and O to water.
We can also then come to understand that if this recombination is eliminated,then Faradays limit can be broken,as it is now excluded from that limit.


Brad


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Thanks Brad.

You will have to elaborate on this wet/dry cell description. I assumed that a dry cell was self contained whereas a wet cells plates were suspended in the electrolyte?

Is each second plate connected in parallel to the supply? Like an old fashioned variable capacitor?

Cheers Graham.

An automotive battery-commonly a flooded cell battery,has the whole of the plates submersed in the electrolyte.
The same is try for a HHO wet cell,where all of the plates are submersed in the electrolyte.

A HHO dry cell has only the flat surfaces in contact with the electrolyte,so as the electrolyte dose not come in contact with any of the cut surfaces of the cell plates.
The reason for this is,all cut plate edges in contact with the electrolyte, are current leakage points.
So rather than the current having to travel through the cell plates,it shortcuts to the edges of the next plate,through the electrolyte it self. Current that travels through the electrolyte,dose not produce gas,as the gas is produced at the junction between the electrolyte,and the cell plate.
 This video dose a good job at explaining the difference between a wet cell,and a dry cell.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gQOxWXRsLB4&t=192s


Brad


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For one way to preclude recombination - see attached:
   

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Hi Brad

First off I'm not trying to hijack your thread :) just that I'm frustrated about all the business of water splitting, too many years and seen it all since 1989 to present date.

Quote:
The other thing that must be taken into account here is-Faradays limit must include this migration and recombination of H and O to water.
We can also then come to understand that if this recombination is eliminated,then Faradays limit can be broken,as it is now excluded from that limit.

Unquote:

You hit the nail on the head, Faradays limit includes this, it's like a BEMF but in liquid to gas to liquid ;) so here we can call it BTLF (back to liquid force).

I want to be constructive and not distructive, your ideas are good, but how are you going to stop that BTLF? or if not stop it, get a good energy gain from the recombination? problem is that not only the oxygen goes back to water, so does the hydrogen and therefore leaving you with less hydrogen output.

The energy maths will never give you a gain with water to gas and gas to water, you have to change the chemical reaction by introducing other molecules or atoms of those molecules.

Now I like to think that over the years scientists did not see the wood for the trees :D or the only other thing would be that it was not interesting >:(

Brad, let me think on what you explained before I give an answer, but I think it is in vain after what I have explained.

Regards

Mike 8)


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For one way to preclude recombination - see attached:

Yes, but no volume

Regards

Mike 8)


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Hydrogen production has been around for years but not many look into it in the sense of energy input versus energy output to reach overunity levels. Companies just push the energy required and receive the hydrogen produced and the buck stops there. To attack the problem from an OUers standpoint, where you want more energy out of the system then what is put in, then there needs to be an evolution of methods that totally involves research into the most direct and efficient method of H production.

If you look at my Hydrogen 2 video located here;
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jjbGTjE0i7o

at around 4:20 where you can see the Hydrogen shooting off the metal surface (this is one of my 6 given SC attributes to the atom - Shoot) which is the same as if you struck two battery leads together to make sparks shoot out, the same is happening in water with the hydrogen atoms are just shooting off the metal surface. The thing about hydrogen atoms shooting off and away from the cell surface is that they have some inertia and can bump into released oxygen atoms and reform into water again. When you consider the trails that are made behind that shooting atom, in water, and compare it to a bullet being shot in a pool, you can appreciate the amount of power being exerted on the atom and that power as inertia can be enough to have it collide and recombine with other atoms.

Like everything, like pulsing a coil, each atom will either be responsive, neutral to, or counter-responsive to the pulse and when you add all this up, you finally get an output which is basically the "remainder" force but not before the great fight inside the wire atoms, some favoring the pulse, some "resisting the pulse" you get output. Same is happening inside the H cell. Some H atoms manage to become free and remain free, some are shot back towards O atoms and recombine. You are saying there is an energy release, but there needs no energy release. The energy you put to split the H2O either is now held by the two distinct atoms or when they recombine, their energy now recombines as well but I do not think there is a "release". The heat you talk about is just water atoms moving faster near the surface of the cell. It is not an energy release just the result of atomic friction. The friction is a side effect of the total process.

But besides all this the greatest hindrance to H production is the topology used to produce it. Just know that whatever you build HHO stacks or even simple or fancy copper coils, you will also build into it all the known and not yet known checkmates. Stacks can have dead zones, water flow can produce channeling, air bubbles stick and block surface contact/reaction, voltage may not be optimally set, maybe 20% more amperage can produce 40% more gas, vibrated cells versus static cells, I can go on and on. Voltage/Amperage/topology/method are all elastics that need to be stretched to their best positions to make it all work in unison. That and maybe surface finishing. Just pulsing a stack and making gas won't cut it. Fancy or brute force pulsing methods will make up for some lack of topology but never overflow as OU.

Yes gases will recombine so the main task is to produce and remove it from the stack as fast as possible so there is no time to recombine. So you ask yourself, the bubble produced at the bottom of your plates has to go where to exit the stack? If the time for each bubble to exit the stack is not the same and very slow, it will always look to recombine. You can't see it from the macro but you can somewhat from the micro in my videos but i cannot go any closer since I was at my instruments limits. I'd need a much better microscope. I was hoping that if a University student saw my video this could push some to do this with much better instruments then what I have on hand.

In water treatment we calculate resident time for reaction chambers. If you could calculate the actual total water volume in your stack and divide that by your flow rate, it will give you a resident time or contact time. The problem is the contact time is not the same for every hydrogen atom produced since some will need to travel longer distances to exit the stack. 

Side Example: I think that if you could find let's say 100 coping saw blades held side by side to make one plate mounted vertically where the saw teeth alternate so the first tooth points left and the next points right thus alternating all with their teeth slopes pointing upwards, slight vibration and proper voltage and amperage will produce a ton of gas. The bubbles would be building on the tips and pushed off and away by the next one while the main body of the plate is held at the base of each tooth further away from the forming bubble. Sounds crazy but you need to get down to the atomic level and work out the topology there. That's one of the reasons I made those gas videos so we can see the action occurring even though this is far from the atom level itself. Or alternate the blades but all on the same side so only one face has all the teeth then just dunk that horizontally in a container with the teeth facing up in just 1 inch of water, hahaha. Each bubble will now be produced and exit right away.

Just trying to push you from sitting at a standard desk to a standing bar as a creative approach being more aware of the factors causing the effect.

OK, imagine you had the tech to produce a plate with trillions of pins raised only 5 or 6 atoms and spread 5-6 atoms apart, what type of surface this would make to produce gas. What did I show in the videos? What is a gas bubble but a missile rising up on a launchpad. If your missile launchpad was straight on the ground (smooth surface plate), how will it launch? If it was on a raised surface, how will it launch? Get it? If guys cannot answer these, then water fuel is a long way off before it becomes, I'll say "fully efficient" instead of saying OU. You have to understand at the atomic level and no excuses with miracle electrons, this is all purely premeditated evolution like the skin on our body needed to evolve to this day, we need to evolve our atomic physical with atomic and physically compatible surfaces better suited for producing the target element. Maybe this will sink in with our new university students who will have less of a history to combat.

Last point is this. If you want to work in hydrogen production, then you need to start from scratch. You make a small scale baseline system where you can experiment with different metals, different surface finishes, topologies and parameters. I was using titanium meshed plates coated with ruthium that I had made for and shipped from China. Very expensive but I was originally doing this first for studies in electo-coagulation of water contaminants and the titanium offered a minimum 50 years service life. Each little discovery will add to the next and eventually you develop enough empirical data to now start system building and testing. There is no other way. The chances of building one device the first time and getting everything right is like simultaneously winning four lotteries with the same 6 numbers. There needs to be a real serious commitment because the investment is not only the money but the life that passes us while we spend it on our benches.

If you want I can add some more perspective on voltage and amperage that play the pivotal role in all our effects and maybe this will give you some more angles of consideration. Angles leading out of the box that is. Things like how does the applied power translate on the surface of a plate, versus in a wire? If we could actually see the atoms respond, we would know that life is not only for the breathing. Them little critters react to stimulus as if they were alive, they exchange with others as if they were making deals, they are blocked by others as if they were confined in prison, they make them shoot as if going to war, there is this whole world in there that we are just oblivious to. Each copper wire or metal plate has zillions of atoms all waiting to be asked to dance.

OK, last thing that may be the most  important. How to keep the H and O from remating. These two videos offer a great clue on how to keep the oxygen from recombining. We can talk more about this later.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KcGEev8qulA
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lt4P6ctf06Q

wattsup

PS: Sorry for long post. Sorry if I am off topic.



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Yes, but no volume

Regards

Mike 8)
Dear Centraflow,

Would not a gas seperating dry cell work for this problem, the O can be vented and only the H used? Maybe the H then be combined with CO2? Maybe the O added back after the CO2?


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Dear wattsup.

If I remember correctly Les Banki made much about the surface preparation of the cell plates. I'm pretty sure he suggested a sort of cross hatch using a coarse abrasive. Didn't Alex try sandblasting and ruin his whole batch?

How's he doing, by the way?

I have been researching electroplating, it seems that both Nickel and Iron can be done, fairly easily in the home environment. I might try your idea of saw blades, or how about an " Abra file " blade, can you call it a blade? What about plating a coarse engineers file?

Plenty to think about.....

Cheers Graham.


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Nanny state ? Left at the gate !! :)
   
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Yes, but no volume

Regards

Mike 8)

Not sure what you mean by "but no volume", Mike.

Each gas is collected in a graduated cylinder - so we measure the volume of evolved H2 and O2 separately.
We can then determine whether the ratio of hydrogen gas to oxygen is 2:1, as expected - among other things.  So yes, this is a volumetric measurement.
Measuring the total amount of water consumed in the process can be done by weighing the water before and after - not trivial, but doable.  Finally, one measures the energy input during electrolysis. 
   
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@PhysicsProf

Those riser tubes would have to be perforated so the conductivity could be felt between both anode and cathode.

@Grumage

Yes, I looked up my directory on Les Banki. I had prepared some system alternatives for him at that time and will put those drawings here as well.

The floating plates would simply lay on the water surface. The plates would be made of meshed plate. The floating aspect would cause natural movement of the plates that could equal the effect of plate vibration. 

The other two are self-explanatory with the idea off getting the gas out of solution as fast as possible.

You basically have to put yourself inside that plate stack and follow the travel of a gas bubble. How far does it have to travel to escape? If it has to pass from the first plate to the last plate in succession, that is not a good thing. If it has to escape with bottom bubbles having to rise though the height of the stack, that is also not too good. I think Mother Nature gave us the greatest clue. Bubbles rise in liquids, for bubbles to be produced and rise all at the same contact time, then the horizontal topology would be the best choice. The alternative for a vertical stack would be to have horizontal channels at every X inches height on the plates that push the bubbles to the left or right of the plate to riser channels that can expel the gas without having to rise to the top. But again these are all calls for more R&D before even building the first test unit. It's easier to work out with two plates then with a whole stack at R&D stages.

In our water treatment industry there are a few systems that may help get a better clue on how to proceed with the pulsing. There is one apparatus called Electro-deionisation (EDI) systems that use membrane stacks that are semi-permeable with an Anode and Cathode at their ends. This pulls ions from one stream across the membranes to a concentrate stream so one stream is high in ions (concentrate) and one is very low in ions (permeate). During the years of advancement it was found that if the pulses could be reversed, this prevented ions from "sticking" and "clogging" the openings in those membranes so we now have Reversed EDI. Now the same may be applicable to the pulsing of the gas stacks. Maybe the reversal will keep bubbles off the plate surface, also reset the surface atoms to the complete opposite polarity while the new polarity then creates a more pronounced change in the plate atoms that then push the hydrogen to split at even higher levels. Don't know but the base logic is sound. I have sold several of these units, one big one (explosion proof because these units also produce hydrogen off-gas) to a dynamite water cutting factory in Quebec whose water would continuously block their very expensive cutting nozzles.

wattsup

PS: I just added what i have on Les to my ftp site located here:
http://purco.qc.ca/ftp/Overunity.com%20-%20Forum%20members/les-banki/


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Dear Centraflow,

Would not a gas separating dry cell work for this problem, the O can be vented and only the H used? Maybe the H then be combined with CO2? Maybe the O added back after the CO2?

To All,
Maybe no one knows about the gas separating dry cells that were open sourced about 4 or 5 years ago, I designed (or invented) a gas separating dry cell that works with as much efficiency as a normal dry cell. (not over Faraday) but produces just as much gas as a normal cell and separates it.  Just a couple weeks before I was going to release it open source another experimenter released almost an identical design to mine open source, so I backed out completely, then gas prices plummeted and I shelved all my gas research.  If this is not known to most of you I can start another thread on it and give all the details.

Room


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"Whatever our resources of primary energy may be in the future, we must, to be rational, obtain it without consumption of any material"  Nicola Tesla

"When bad men combine, the good must associate; else they will fall one by one, an unpitied sacrifice in a contemptible struggle."  Edmund Burke
   
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